London, a city steeped in history and myth, is preparing to celebrate one of its oldest traditions: the Lord Mayor’s Show, taking place on November 9th. This article aims to delve into the legendary figures that have shaped London’s narrative over the centuries, highlighting how these characters contribute to the city’s identity and power. The incorporation of such powerful figures into London’s lore serves not only to enrich its cultural heritage but also to project an image of strength and continuity.
By embracing both historical and mythical figures, including former adversaries, London demonstrates its ability to assimilate diverse influences and emerge resilient. This approach reflects a sophisticated understanding of power dynamics, where the city’s narrative becomes a tool for asserting authority and legitimacy.
As we look ahead to the Lord Mayor’s Parade, it is essential to recognize how these legends—ranging from ancient giants to iconic leaders—have woven together a compelling story that connects London’s past with its vibrant present. Each character adds a layer of complexity to London’s identity, making it a city rich in tradition and myth. Let’s explore some of the most fascinating legends associated with the City of London, examining their contributions to the city’s enduring mystique and power.
Gog and Magog: The Guardian Giants
Gog and Magog, the legendary giants of London, are said to have been defeated by Brutus the Trojan, who then established the first city of London in 1180 BC. These mythical figures are now immortalized as statues at St. Dunstan-in-the-West church, where they toll out the half-hour and hour, standing with one hand on their hip and the other on their vicious-looking clubs.
Brutus of Troy: The Mythical Founder
According to legend, Brutus of Troy, a descendant of Aeneas, arrived in England with his companions in 1108 BC after the fall of Troy. He is said to have founded the city of Troynovant, which later became known as London. This foundation myth, while not historically accurate, has been an important part of London’s folklore for centuries.
King Lud: The City’s Namesake
King Lud is credited with expanding a grand citadel on the hill where St. Paul’s Cathedral now stands, just before Caesar’s first expeditions to Britain in 54 BC. Some legends claim that London is named after Lud, adding to the many competing foundation myths of the city. The area known as Ludgate Hill bears his name to this day.
Boudica: The Warrior Queen
Boudica, the fierce queen of the Iceni tribe, led a rebellion against Roman rule in 60 AD. Although not strictly a mythological figure, her story has taken on legendary proportions. She is said to have burned Roman London to the ground, and some believe her final resting place lies beneath Platform 8 at King’s Cross Station.
Fitz Ailwin: London’s First Mayor and Guardian of the London Stone
Henry Fitz Ailwin became London’s first Mayor in 1189, serving until his death in 1212. While not a mythical figure, his long tenure as the city’s leader has made him a significant part of London’s historical narrative, bridging the gap between legend and recorded history. Intriguingly, Fitz Ailwin’s connection to London’s mystical past is reinforced by his association with the enigmatic London Stone[1][4].
Known as Henry Fitz Ailwin de Londonstane, he lived and conducted business near the London Stone, a mysterious oolitic limestone block of great antiquity[1][3]. This proximity to such a potent symbol of London’s ancient heritage lent an air of mystique to Fitz Ailwin’s role as the city’s first mayor. The London Stone, believed by some to be as old as the city itself, has been the subject of numerous legends, including claims of its use in Druidic worship and its supposed magical powers[1].
Fitz Ailwin’s association with the London Stone not only anchored him to the city’s mythical past but also symbolized his authority as mayor. His tenure, lasting over two decades, saw him navigate through turbulent times, demonstrating remarkable diplomatic skills that kept him in favor with both royalty and London’s citizens[2][3].
Bran the Blessed: The Giant King and the Raven’s Legacy
Bran the Blessed, a giant king in Welsh mythology, plays a crucial role in London’s legendary history. According to the medieval Welsh tales in the Mabinogion, Bran ordered his followers to cut off his head and bury it facing France to ward off invasions. Legend says this magical head was interred at the White Hill, believed to be the site where the Tower of London now stands[2]. Intriguingly, “Bran” in Welsh means “raven” or “crow,” creating a linguistic connection to the Tower’s famous avian residents[3]. This link has given rise to the enduring superstition that if the ravens ever leave the Tower of London, the kingdom will fall[3].
The presence of ravens at the Tower is now seen as a continuation of Bran’s protective legacy, with at least six birds kept there at all times[3]. This blend of ancient myth and more recent folklore demonstrates how London has woven together various strands of history to create a rich tapestry of legend, effectively incorporating powerful figures from different eras into its narrative of enduring strength and mystical protection.
Jack Cade: The Rebel Leader
Jack Cade led a popular revolt against the government of Henry VI in 1450. Although a historical figure, Cade’s rebellion has taken on mythical qualities in London’s folklore. He briefly took control of London before being defeated, and his story has become a symbol of resistance against tyranny.
Dick Whittington: The Rags-to-Riches Mayor
Perhaps one of London’s most beloved legendary figures, Dick Whittington’s story blends historical fact with folklore. The real Richard Whittington was a wealthy merchant who served as Lord Mayor of London four times. However, the popular legend tells of a poor boy who came to London with his cat, eventually becoming Lord Mayor. The story, complete with the famous line “Turn again, Whittington, thrice Lord Mayor of London,” has been a staple of British pantomime for centuries.
These legends and historical figures have contributed to the rich tapestry of London’s cultural heritage. While some of these stories may not stand up to historical scrutiny, they continue to captivate the imagination and provide a sense of continuity with the city’s ancient past. As Walter Besant wrote in his 1893 “History of London,” “We need our communal myths”. Indeed, these legends serve as a reminder of the enduring spirit of London, a city that has continually reinvented itself while never forgetting its mythical origins.
